Markedness and salience in language contact and second language acquisition. Input not only plays a role in models of second language acquisition, such as gasss 1988 gasss, 20 and leows 2015leows, 2019 as discussed in section 2. If the inline pdf is not rendering correctly, you can download the pdf file here. She has conducted research in a wide variety of subareas of second language acquisition, including language transfer, language universals, second language research methods, and input and interaction. The topic for this training session is second language acquisition. Larry selinker is one of the original contributors to the research field of second language acquisition, having introduced the concepts interlanguage and fossilization and having conducted one of the first empirical studies in language transfer research in 1969. Prices do not include postage and handling if applicable. Classroom oriented research in second language acquisition. As most foreign or second language teachers eslefl hereinafter will attest, and as classroom research indicates, the innluence of the irst language l1 hereinafter is either noticeably or subtly evident in the second language l2 hereinafter classroom sheen, 1996. Selinker 1972 believed that some language rules in the learners il are transferred from hisher l1. Interlanguage theory is often credited to larry selinker, who coined the terms interlanguage and fossilization. Corders and selinker s work became the foundation of modern research into second language.
An interlanguage is an idiolect that has been developed by a learner of a second language or interlanguage theory is often credited to larry selinker, who coined the terms interlanguage and fossilization. Describe the factors that influence second language acquisition recognize practical applications for basic interpersonal communication skills and cognitive academic language proficiency theories. In the third edition, gass and selinker s overview of the field of sla continues to be encyclopedic. The representation and execution of articulatory timing in first and second language acquisition. On teaching strategies in second language acquisition.
Repetitions as vocalized fillers and selfrepairs in english and french. The variable development of english wordfinal stops by brazilian portuguese speakers. Second language acquisition and second language learning. Implication of il fossilization in second language acquisition xueping wei. Selinker believes that the evidence for interlanguage can be found.
An introductory course slaic is a welcome addition to the growing number of introductory texts on second language acquisition. Applied linguists sometimes refer to learner language as interlanguage, a term used by larry selinker to situate linguistic development on a continuum. Contributions cover topics such as naturalistic and instructed. Sla research began as an interdisciplinary field, and because of this it is difficult to identify a precise starting date. The utterances which will be produced will not be identical to those. On may 10, 2011, students from professor zhaohong hans advanced second language acquisition sla class in spring 2011 had the honor of attending an invited seminar in which professor larry selinker, was the honorary speaker. This work is a revised edition of the text first publis. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed june 2012 learn how and when to remove this template message learn how and when to remove this template message. She is the authoreditor of numerous books, has served as the president of the american association for. Theory of second language acquisition the first area we will discuss will be the central focus of this volume, second language acquisition theory. English language teaching june, 2008 129 second language acquisition. Larry selinker proposed the theory of interlanguage in 1972, noting that in a given situation the utterances produced by the learner are different from those native speakers would.
When learning a second language means losing the first. Implication of il fossilization in second language acquisition. The term used most frequently today to describe this transitional language, interlanguage, was created by selinker in 1972. Interlanguage is the type of language or linguistic system used by second and foreign language learners who are in the process of learning a target language. Towards an integrated view of language acquisition. There is evidence to support the claim that second language acquisition sla is a complex adaptive system due to its inherent ability to adapt to different conditions pre sent in both internal and external environments. Communication strategies in secondlanguage acquisition. Selinker s five fossilization process steps overgeneralization. In a general sense it is a term to describe learning a second language.
The detail with which interlanguage data is discussed makes this text appropriate for graduate level instruction but its readability also makes this a viable choice for advanced undergraduates. An analysis of written errors of turkish adult learners of english. Understanding second language acquisition lourdes ortega understanding language series series editors. In an easytoread, accessible style, it provides students with information about the scope of the field, but also provides background information on related areas such as first language acquisition. Own language use in language teaching and learning.
Second language acquisition sla teachingenglish british. Second language acquisition and second language learning cover. The effects of achievement level and response mode in programmed instruction on foreign language learning. Group members iqra khan zaibunnisa muhammad umar anum fatima 3. Communication strategies are strategies that learners use to overcome these problems in order to convey their intended meaning. Interlanguage il is a theory that is located within the frame of second language acquisition sla or foreign language acquisition fla of course without denying its contribution in learning an l2. Monitor theory hypothesizes that adults have two independent systems for developing ability in second languages, subconscious language acquisition and conscious language learning, and that these systems are interrelated in a definite way. Thus began an explosion of research into understanding how language and the internal grammar in second language learners evolved. Directions of influence in first and second language acquisition. Language acquisition language is extremely complex, yet children already know most of the grammar of their native languages before they are five years old children acquire language without being taught the rules of grammar by their parents in part because parents dont consciously know the many of the rules of grammar. Jan 31, 2008 the new and updated edition of this bestselling introductory textbook is a comprehensive overview of the field of second language acquisition. Interlanguage viewed language development as a combination of several factors including nature of input, environment, internal processing of the learner, and influence between l1 and l2. Therein, the fourth approach, namely, developing the system of the external and internal perspectives, is considered to be applicable to the present research on synergy between language acquisition and the language learning. Second language acquisition identify key second language acquisition theories.
In 1972, selinker introduced the concept of interlanguage, which built upon pit corders previous work on the nature of language learners errors. Larry selinker interlanguage pdf interlanguage theory is generally credited to larry selinker, an american professor of applied linguistics, whose article interlanguage. Second language acquisition, applied linguistics about larry selinker helped found the field of second language acquisition, suggesting early on selinker, 1972, the robust concepts of interlanguage and fossilization, and conducting one of the first empirical studies in language. Second language acquisition in applied linguistics. Psycholinguistic techniques and resources in second language acquisition research.
Larry selinker interlanguage 1972 pdf an interlanguage is an idiolect that has been developed by a learner of a second language or interlanguage theory is often credited to larry selinker. Draws on wideranging research into contrastive analysis, bilingualism, theoretical linguistics and. Gass and larry selinker language acquisition and language disorders 5 1992 pp. Selinkers paper only mentioned corders in passing, but it nevertheless advanced his basic argument. Second language learning in the zone of proximal development. This workbook is designed to give applied linguistics students practice in analyzing foreign language data, since the authors make the case that experience with second and foreign language material is prerequisite to tackling the processes involved in second language learning.
From research to practice donna moss, national center for esl literacy education lauren rossfeldman, georgetown university second language acquisition sla is the study of how second languages are learned and the factors that influence the process. Larry selinker an account of the development of research and thinking in the field of learner language. The relationship between interlanguage, learning and cross. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. The term interlanguage was coined in the 1970s by larry selinker to describe his notion that an additional language learners knowledge of the l2 was a dynamic linguistic system which could be studied in its own right. Susan gass, carolyn madden, dennis preston and larry selinker editors. Second language acquisition presentation script slide 1.
He first introduced interlanguage in his 1972 paper of the same name, which built on pit corders 1967 article the significance of learners errors. It will be most often used by students of second language acquisition sla in m. The new and updated edition of this bestselling introductory textbook is a comprehensive overview of the field of second language acquisition. View enhanced pdf access article on wiley online library html view download pdf for offline viewing. The difference is mostly one of variability, as a learner.
Some evidence for the nonviolation of the case filter in child second language acquisition. Interlanguage il refers to the linguistic system of learner language produced by adults when they attempt meaningful communication using a language they are in the process of learning. Abstract perhaps one of the most controversial issues in the field of second language acquisition is. Variability in learner language distinguishes between free variation, which has not been shown to be systematically related to accompanying linguistic or social features, and systematic variation, which has. This is mainly a subconscious process which happens while we focus on communication. Key terms in second language acquisition slideshare. Theobjective of second language acquisition studies is to uncoverthese principles. This article details the explanatory value and inadequacies of three main categories of models proposed to explain fossilization in second language acquisition. Based on this understanding, widely discussed second language theo.
The errors in the use of l2 result mainly from l1, and the difference between l1 and the l2 is the reason for the occurrence of errors. As developed today, second language acquisition theory can be viewed as a part of theoretical linguistics, i. Formal and informal linguistic environments in language acquisition and language learning 40 4. The negative transfer of l1 is what the behaviorists believe to be proactive inhibition.
The book is meant to be useful for elt students of different. The authors retain the multidisciplinary approach that presents research from linguistics, sociology, psychology, and education, in a format designed for use in an introductory course for undergraduate or graduate students. In the name of allah key terms in second language acquisition masoud dolatshahi m. From research to practice 4 what is the role of vocabulary in sla.
Aptitude from an informationprocessing perspective. The role of the first language in second language acquisition 64 6. It is an attempt to account for and probe into the errors committed by learners of second language slforeign language fl and their reasons. On predicting phonological difficulty in second language acquisition. Insights on second language aquisition teaching in a. Ppt language acquisition second language acquisition. Second language acquisition praise for the third edition. A brief introduction to some of the main themes in second.
Gass and selinker take a multidisciplinary approach to adult second language acquisition sla, in which insights and research material from several perspectives, primarily linguistics. Interlanguage was the first significant theory which tried to explain l2 acquisition. The importance of the pragmatic and sociolinguistic context. Definition inter language is the type of language produced by second and foreign language learners who are in the process of learning a language. This book is a thorough revision of the highly successful text first published in 1994. Interlanguage is based on the theory that there is a psychological structure latent in the brain which is activated when one attempts to learn a second language. An intergroup approach to second language acquisition.
Stephen krashens theory of second language acquisition consists of five main hypotheses. The construct of interlanguage was proposed by larry selinker in 1972 and stimulated the first research studies in the new field of second language acquisition sla. Second language acquisition, or sla, has two meanings. Stephen krashens widely known and wellaccepted theory of second language acquisition, has had a large impact in all areas of second language research and teaching since the 1980s. More specifically, it is the name of the theory of the process by which we acquire or pick up a second language. A commemorative volume for clause faerch multilingual matters multilingual matters, ltd. To separate the academic discipline from the learning process itself, the terms second language acquisition research, second language studies, and second language acquisition studies are also used. Interlanguage pragmatics is the study of the ways nonnative speakers acquire, comprehend, and use linguistic patterns or speech acts in a second language. Identify the stages of second language acquisition.
As teachers of second language learners, we must have a basic working knowledge base regarding the process that language learners go through to learn a second language. We take a multidisciplinary approach in that what we have selected to present in this book represents research emanating from other wellestablished disciplines. One important issue in sla acquisition research is to establish how l2 learners acquire certain linguistic features. In the course of learning a second language, learners will frequently encounter communication problems caused by a lack of linguistic resources. Selinker 1974 viewed interlanguage as an intermediate. List of language acquisition researchers wikipedia. Robert phillipson, eric kellerman, larry selinker, michael sharwood smith, merrill swain. Its focus of interest lies in areas of research which concern first and second language acquisition including sign language and gestural systems. The study of native language influence in second language acquisition has. To study the psychological processes involved one can compare the interlanguage utterances of the learner with two things. An introductory course presents the most balanced, grounded, and accessible introduction to a broad field and a new, updated, and expanded edition is most welcome.
May 06, 2001 in sum, gass and selinker have produced an updated text with nice coverage of the breadth of information related to second language acquisition. Selinkers most wellknown contribution to the field of secondlanguage acquisition is the concept of interlanguage. Language scholars have demonstrated that certain aspects of second language learning cannot be altered through instruction and that intermediate, nonnativelike second language competencies, known as stages of interlanguage, characterize the progression of second language acquisition. Attitude and aptitude in second language acquisition and learning 19 3. Larry selinker is professor emeritus of linguistics at the university of michigan, and former director of the universitys english language institute. As such it deals with the ways in which second languages are learned. Approaching the language of the second language learner. The interlanguage theory, that assumes that an active and independent learning mind selinker believes that the evidence for interlanguage can be found.